Best practices in project quality management/leadership for information technology Essay

Most people simply accept low quality from many information technology (IT) products. So what if ones laptop crashes a couple of times a week? Just ensure there is back up for data. So what if one cannot log in to the business intranet or the internet right now? Just attempt a little later when it is less busy. So what if the latest version of word-processing software was shipped with several bugs? One may like the software’s new features, and all new software has bugs. Is quality a real problem with information technology projects? Yes, it is! IT is not just a luxury available in some offices, homes, or schools. Firms throughout the world provide employees with access to computers. The majority of people in the US use the internet, and usage in other countries continues to expand rapidly. It took only six years for 60 million people to use the internet compared to 20 years for 60 million to use cell phones (Kathy, 2008, p. 292). Many issues of individual and or group lives depend on high-quality IT products. Food is produced and distributed with the help of computers; vehicles have computer chips to monitor performance; students use computers to aid them learn in school; organizations depend on technology for many business functions; and millions of people depend on technology for entertainment and individual communications (Kathy, 2008). Many IT projects develop mission-critical systems that are utilized in life-and-death circumstances. Such as navigation systems on aircraft and computer components built into medical equipment. Financial institutions and their clients also depend on high-quality information systems. Clients get very upset when systems present inaccurate data or display information to unauthorized people that could result to identity theft. When any of these systems fails, it is much more than a mere inconvenience (Taguchi, 2004). 1. 1 Definitions Before one can enhance the quality of IT projects, it is good to understand the fundamental concepts of project quality management. Indeed, it is hard to define project quality management. According to the international organization for standardization (ISO) quality can be defined as the totality of features of an organization that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied requirements (Kathy, 2008). It can also be defined as the extent to which a set of inherent features fulfils needs (ISO9000). Other professionals define quality based on adherence to needs and fitness for use. Adherence to needs means project’s products and processes meet laid down specifications. Fitness for use implies a product can be used as it was intended. The purpose of project quality management is to make sure that the project will fulfill the requirements for which it was undertaken. Project management involves among others things meeting or surpassing stakeholder requirements and anticipations. The project group must initiate good relationships with core stakeholders, especially the primary client for the project, to comprehend what quality implies to them. Many technical projects fail because the project management group aims only at meeting the written requirements for the project (Juran and Frank, 2002). Quality, therefore, must be on an equal basis with project scope, cost, and time. If the project’s stakeholders are dissatisfied with the quality of the project management or the end products of the project, the management group will require adjusting time, cost, and scope to fulfill stakeholder needs. In which case meeting only documented requirements for time, cost, and scope is not sufficient. To attain stakeholder fulfillment, the project group must come up with a good working relationship with all stakeholders and comprehend their implied or stated requirements. Best practices: over the years, organizations have become mesmerized with the term-best practice-but after continued use, experts began scrutinizing the expression and now better definitions exist. A best practice starts simply with an idea. Knowing that there is a process, tool, activity, or method that can deliver results effectively than any other method and provides one with the desired results with less barriers and predictable complexities is a welcome. As a result, one apparently ends up with an efficient way of completing a task by use of a repeatable procedure that has stood the test of time for quite a large number of IT projects (Kathy, 2008). As project quality management evolved, so did the meanings of best practices. Some definitions of best practices are complicated while others are somehow simple. Yet, they both address the same aim of encouraging project quality management throughout the organization. Firms must decide on the depth and extent of their best practices. Must it be at high level and generic or at a low level and detailed? A generic best practice may not attain the desired efficiencies whereas a detailed one may not have unlimited applicability. Basically, any firm can decide to have own definition of best practices and there might even be company quality requirements on the definition of such best practices. For example, a best practice can be defined as something that: works, works well, works well on a repetitive basis, leads to a competitive advantage, can be identified in quest to improve business, and prevents the firm from problems. 1. 2 Principles Generally, there are 3 basic principles/processes of project quality management: 1. 2. 1 Planning quality Planning for quality involves identifying which quality standards are relevant to the project and how to fulfill those standards. Integrating quality standards into project design is a core portion of quality planning. For an IT project, quality standards include enabling system growth, planning a considerable response time, or making sure that the system produces accurate and consistent information. The core outputs of quality planning are a quality management plan, quality metrics, quality checklists, a process improvement plan, and project document updates. 1. 2. 2 Performing quality assurance Performing quality assurance includes periodical evaluation of the whole project performance to make sure that the project will meet the desired quality standards. The process involves assuming roles of quality in the entire project life cycle. Senior management must take the lead in emphasizing the roles all employees play in quality assurance. The core outputs of this process are organizational process asset, project management, project document, and change requests updates (Kathy, 2008). 1. 2. 3 Performing quality control Performing quality control involves monitoring specific project results to make sure that they adhere to the desired quality requirements while identifying methods to enhance ultimate quality. This process is mostly linked to the technical techniques and tools of quality management, such as quality control charts, statistical sampling, and Pareto charts. The main outputs of quality control include quality control measurements, validated deliverables, change requests, validated changes, organizational process asset updates, project management plan, and project document updates (Kathy, 2008). This research seeks to: †¢ Incorporate the best practices in project quality management with quality leadership/ team work within a quality focused company, †¢ Evaluate the significance of project quality management for IT products and services, †¢ Understand the techniques and tools for quality control, and †¢ Describe how leadership model relate to enhancing quality in information technology projects. 2. 0 Review of Literature In his book on quality control, Juran (2002) stressed the significance of top management commitment to continuous product quality improvement. In 2000, Juran published the fifth edition of his famous book. In both texts, Juran developed and built upon a trilogy involving quality improvement, quality control, and quality planning. Juran emphasized the difference between the manufacturer’s view of quality and the client’s view. He observed that manufacturer’s focused on adherence to requirements, but client’s focused on fitness for use. In this book, Juran developed 10 stages to quality improvement. These include; building awareness of the need and chance for improvement, set goals for improvements, organize to reach the goals, provide training, carry out projects to solve problems, report progress, give recognition, communicate results, keep ratings, and maintain momentum by establishing yearly improvement part of the regular systems and processes of the economy. Crosby (1979) wrote Quality Is Free and is best known for suggesting that firms struggle for zero defects. He stressed that the costs of low quality must include all costs of not doing the work right the first time, such as rework, scrap, wasted man hours and machine hours, customer ill will and wasted sales, and warranty costs. Crosby proposed that the cost of low quality is so misappropriated that firms can profitably spend unlimited amounts of money on enhancing quality. Like Juran, Crosby developed 14 stages for quality improvement; these include making it clear that management is committed to quality, organizing quality control teams with representatives from each section, establishing where current and potential quality problems lie, evaluating the cost of quality and explaining its use as a management tool, raising the quality awareness and personal concern of all employees, take actions to correct problems identified through previous steps, establishing a committee for the zero defects program, training supervisors to actively carry out their part of the quality improvement program, holding a-zero defects day-to allow all employees realize that there has been a change, encouraging individuals to establish improvement goals for themselves and their teams, encouraging employees to communicate to management the barriers they face in achieving their improvement goals, reorganizing and appreciating those who participate, establishing quality councils to communicate on a regular basis, and reworking to emphasize that the quality improvement program never ends. Crosby (1979) initiated the Quality Management Process Maturity Grid. Such a grid can be applied to a firm’s attitude toward product usability. For instance, the initial level in the grid is ignorance, where employees might think they do not have any difficulties with usability. The last level is wisdom, where employees have changed their attitude so that usability defect prevention is a routine part of their activities. Ishikawa (1976) developed the concept of quality circles and pioneered the utilization of cause-and-effect graphics. Ishikawa made notable contributions to quality management, the most important being Ishikawa’s total quality perspective, organization quality control and emphasizes to human based quality, the quality diagram, and the creation and use of his 7 basic quality tools. The tools are: Pareto analysis, stratification, cause and effect diagrams, check sheets, scatter charts, histograms, and process control charts. Ishikawa believed these 7 tools must be known in depth, if not by all, in a firm and used to evaluate problems and create enhancements. Used effectively the tools form a powerful quality kit. Genichi (1998) believed it is good to develop product that is stout and or insensitive to manufacturing process variation, rather than trying to control all variations during manufacturing. To practice this idea, he embarked on the already developed knowledge on design and made it more practical and usable for quality experts. Genichi’s idea was mainly about the routine maximization of process and product prior to actual processing rather than quality control through inspection. Reliability and quality are ensured at the designing stage. Genichi went on to break off-line quality into 3 core levels. These levels include; system design, tolerance design, and parameter design. Foster (2004) identified leadership as being core to the quality improvement process, assuming minimal difference between management and leadership. The role is of a facilitator, and the foundation is-managing by walking, allowing the leader to be in touch with clients, people, and innovation, the three primary sections in the expedition of excellence. Foster believes that, as the leader walks, three main operations are occurring: listening, facilitating, and listening; suggesting caring, able to provide instant help, and transmission of values respectively. Foster, having analyzed key American firms concluded that any smart concept to organizing had to take into account 7 variables, a framework that was designed to include both the software and hardware of a firm. 3. 0 Findings 3. 1 Best practices Every organization has its own point of view of best practices. But generally there seem to be four basic reasons for embracing best practices. The four are: †¢ Improving efficiency, †¢ Standardization, †¢ Improving effectiveness, and †¢ Consistency In whatever definition, the company must identify which of the four, or combination therein, the firm targets. The paper focused on best practices as practiced at Orange Soft-Link Ltd, an IT company based in Switzerland (Crosby, 1979). †¢ A best practice is an experience based, published, and proven way to achieve company objectives. †¢ The company has detailed best practices in its procedures/policies and work flows. There are templates and guidelines as well as procedures that the company embraced. Additionally, when it closed a project, the company conducts a formal lesson learned section. The session involves the sponsors, core team, project manager, and other stakeholders impacted by the project. The lessons are stored in a common database and reviewed with the whole team. Its best practices depend on lessons learned. The company shares these practices with other IT firms for those vendors for which the company is a reference site. All Orange Ltd templates, procedures/policies, and work flow can be accessed when necessary and, by request, the quality leadership team set conferences to give feedback as well as explain in details all practices. †¢ Any tool, activity or template used by a quality manager that has had a positive impact on quality delivery, knowledge, and process. For example, performing to satisfy customers is a best practice in this IT Company. This is done by assessing each phase of a project. †¢ Generally the company views a best practice as any process or activity that enhances a given quality issue, eliminates the need of other more complicated procedures, or significantly improves an existing procedure. Each best practice is a living unit and subject to amendments, removal, or review. †¢ For Orange Soft-Link ltd, a best practice is any process or method that has been successful in producing the desired outcomes through practical application. This IT Company do not embrace professional or industry standards as a best practice until it has been proven that the process or method works in its corporate environment (Kathy, 2008).

Factors Affecting Reaction Rate Essay

Introduction: In reference to the collision theory, molecules act as small spheres that collide and bounce off each other, transferring energy among themselves when the collide. In order for a reaction to occur, there must be collisions between molecules. Through experimentation, factors are discovered that influence the reaction rates of chemical reactions include the concentration of reactants, temperature, surface area, the physical state of reactants, and a catalyst. This experiment regarding the factors that affect reaction rate tests the effects of increased concentration and temperature of the hydrochloric acid solution (HCl) and also the effect of increased surface area of magnesium metal (Mg). When glow sticks are immersed in a hot water bath, it is proven that they glow with greater intensity. This proves that an increased temperature has an effect on the reaction itself, allowing molecules that make up the liquid inside the glow stick to move with greater speed, resulting in more collis ions. The balanced equation for this reaction would be: Mg (s) + 2 HCl (aq) = MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g) Purpose: The objective of this laboratory experiment is to observe and record the effect of reactant concentration, reactant surface area and reactant temperature on the overall rate of reaction. Hypothesis: During this experiment, acids of different concentration are utilized, and the different reaction rates calculated. When the reactant’s concentration increases, there are more atoms per space for a collision to occur. A prediction for the effect of concentration on reaction rate would be that the higher the concentration of the reaction, the faster the reaction time. As the temperature of the reaction rate increases, the molecules will move faster, also resulting in more collisions and perhaps a faster reaction rate. Lastly, in a reaction, increasing the surface area of the solid reactant increases the number of collisions per second. The more collisions there are, the more energy is produced, and also could contribute to a  faster rate of reaction. Procedure(s): Please refer to Heath Chemistry Laboratory Experiment 18 A pg. 192-196 In Part III: Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate, only three beakers were utilized in the experiment, Beaker A containing hot water, Beaker B containing water at room temperature, and Beaker C containing iced water. The fourth beaker was not utilized due to the limited time allotted for this experiment. In this experiment, a stopwatch was not used to record time. Instead, an Apple iPhone was used to calculating the time it took for the reactions to occur completely. The device was capable of calculating time to the hundredth decimal point and an uncertainty of  ±0.01 was provided. Safety Notes: Hydrochloric acid is highly corrosive to skin, eyes and clothing. When handling it, make sure to wear safety goggles, lab aprons, plastic gloves and use a full-face shield. Wash and spills or splashes immediately with plenty of water and inform the supervising teacher. Reagent Disposal- Return any unused magnesium metal to the designated container. Any hydrochloric solutions left in the test tubes should be returned to another designated container for neutralization before being discarded down the sink. Data and Observations: Quantitative Observations- Part I- Effect of Concentration on Reaction Rate Mass of 11 cm strip of Mg: 0.18 g  ± 0.01 Average mass of 1 cm strip of Mg: 0.18 g / 11 strips = 0.0163  ± 0.0001 *two significant figures (0.016) Concentration of Acid Reaction Time (in seconds)  ±0.01 Reaction Rate (g Mg/s) 0.50 M 650.66 0.000025 1.0 M 128.50 0.00013 3.0 M 33.95 0.00048 6.0 M 13.26 0.0012 Part II- Effect of Surface Area on Reaction Rate Shape of Magnesium Strip Reaction Time (in seconds)  ±0.01 Reaction Rate (g Mg/s) Test Tube A- slivers of Mg 110.40 0.00015 Test Tube B- rolled up strip of Mg 134.55 0.00012 Test Tube C- flat piece of Mg 128.05 0.00013 Part III- Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate Temperature in  °C  ±1 Reaction Time (in seconds)  ±0.01 Reaction Rate (g Mg/s) Beaker A- Heated Water Bath (57  °C) 73.35 0.00022 Beaker B- Room Temperature Water Bath (23  °C) 128.05 0.00013 Beaker C- Chilled Ice Water Bath (5 °C) 392.50 0.000042 Qualitative Observations-  Before immersion in hydrochloric acid, the magnesium strips were a dull grey colour, coated in a sort of white substance. Sandpaper was used to remove impurities from the magnesium strips, resulting in a grey strip, with a bit of metallic lustre. The strip of magnesium received was extremely malleable and was easily cut into 1 cm strips and folded into a tiny ball. During the immersion of the magnesium metal in the hydrochloric acid solution, white bubbles could be seen escaping the surface of the metal as gas was produced during the reaction. Depending on the temperature of the hydrochloric acid and the overall molar concentration, the rate of reaction differed but the same signs were shown. During the reaction between the magnesium metal and higher concentrations of hydrochloric acid, it was observed that the test tube grew quite warm to the touch. As the immersed magnesium strip sank down, it appeared coated in a layer of white bubbles that fizzed like a carbonated drink. In the lower concentrations of hydrochloric acid, the strip spent some time floating at the surface of the solution in the test tube, later sinking down to the bottom as the bubbles died down. According to the balanced equation, the white bubbles that rose to the surface are hydrogen gas (H2 (g)) bubbles produced as one of the products in the reaction. During the reaction, as the magnesium reacted with the hydrochloric acid solution, there was a strong metallic scent that came from the open system, especially in when the magnesium strip was dissolved in the strongest concentration of hydrochloric acid. After the reaction, no trace of the magnesium metal remained in the test tube. The test tube was filled with a completely clear aqueous solution. Questions and Calculations: 1.See attached graph #1: Reaction Rate vs. Concentration of HCl (aq) and graph #2: Reaction Rate vs. Temperature Data. 2. a) Please refer to Reaction Rate vs. Concentration of HCl (aq). As the concentration increases, the rate of reaction increases as well, due to the higher number of molecules colliding with each other. b) As the surface area of the surface area increases, the reaction rate also speeds up. This happens because there is a greater surface area available for reaction. c) Please refer to Reaction Rate vs. Temperature Data. As the temperature increases, the rate of reaction increases. This is due to the increased kinetic energy, allowing the molecules to collide more often and with more energy. 3. Please refer to Reaction Rate vs. Concentration of HCl (aq). As shown on the graph, as the concentration doubles, the reaction rate also doubles approximately (due to sources of error). Although this seems to be the case in this experiment, it doesn’t necessarily mean th at this statement is true for all reactions. The orders of reactions and equations that calculate the rate have to also be taken into consideration. 4. In Part II, the small slivers of magnesium produced the fastest reaction. This is due to in increase in surface area, by cutting the one-centimeter strip into tiny slivers, allowed more surface area to be exposed to the hydrochloric acids, allowing for a quicker reaction rate. 5. Please refer to Reaction Rate vs. Temperature Data. When the test tube containing the hydrochloric acid solution was immersed in the ice water bath, it produced the slowest reaction rate and time. This is a result of the slowing of molecules due to decrease in temperature. As the kinetic energy and movement of the molecules decrease, the reaction rate also decreases due to the reduced number of collisions between molecules. 6. a) Please refer to Reaction Rate vs. Concentration of HCl (aq). For a 1 cm strip of magnesium metal to react with 4.0 M hydrochloric acid, the reaction time would be 21 seconds, calculated to two significant figures. b) Please refer to Reaction Rate vs. Temperature Data. For a 1 cm strip of magnesium metal to react with 1.0 M hydrochloric acid at 15  °C, the reaction time would be 190 seconds, calculated to two significant figures. 7. Please refer to Reaction Rate vs. Temperature. Doubling the temperature does increase the reaction rate, due to faster moving particles, but it doesn’t necessarily double the reaction rate. The increase in kinetic energy  provides many more collisions between molecules, but the energy coming from the molecular collisions does not exactly double. Follow-Up Questions: 1. It is possible to vary the factors of concentration, surface area and temperature in a way to prevent a reaction from happening. As the concentration of a solution decreases in molarity, there are fewer atoms per space for the collision to occur. By lowering the temperature drastically, it slows down the movement of particles so that the collisions are few in number and release less energy when molecules bump against each other. It is the same with surface area, as the density becomes greater and the sides exposed to the chemical reaction decrease, it lowers to rate of reaction significantly. In order to prevent a reaction from happening at all, the temperature should be extremely cold, the concentration as low as possible and the density of the reactant (ex. magnesium metal) as dense as possible, perhaps a large brick. This is only a hypothesis though, and as studied in reaction kinetics, every reaction requires a minimum amount of energy in order to react. By not achieving that bare minimum of activation energy required, a reaction will not occur. 2. The definition of a catalyst would be a substance that speeds up a reaction, but remains chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction. After adding a catalyst to the reaction between the solid magnesium metal and aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, the reaction rate would increase, due to the provision of an alternative route for the reaction with lower activation energy. This does not lower the overall activation energy, but simply provides a different route for the reaction to happen where the molecules collide more often. 3. Kindling wood has more surface area and has a lower density, making it easier for the fire to burn due to the increased area of exposure to oxygen (O2). The mass of kindling is also lower than a log, allowing it to heat up quickly to the temperature needed for a combustion reaction to occur. A log is very dense and has a larger mass, therefore taking a longer time to heat it up to the point where a combustion reaction would occur. 4. When a person blows on a smoldering fire, the level of oxygen is increased. Oxygen is a key component in a combustion reaction, is it needed as a fuel in order for the reaction to occur. This will increase the temperature, which speeds up the kinetic energy of the molecules molecules, allowing for more collision energy and a  faster rate of reaction. Conclusion and Error Analysis: In conclusion, it was discovered that an increase in concentration, surface area and temperature all contributed to a faster rate of reaction, developing a conclusion that all of these are factors that affect the rate of reaction. As predicted in the hypothesis, the application of the collision theory was a key factor in the increasing the reaction rate as the concentration of HCl (0.50-6.0 M HCl), surface area of Mg (slivers, rolled, and flat) and temperature of HCl (5  °C- 57  °C) was increased. The highest concentration of HCl (6.0 M) produced the faster reaction rate of 0.0012 g Mg/s. When the magnesium metal was cut into tiny slivers, this also produced a faster reaction rate of 0.0015 g Mg/s. As hydrochloric acid solution was warmed in a hot water bath to a temperature of 57  °C, it produced a reaction rate of 0.00022 g Mg/s. This experiment was not perfect, and there were many sources of error during the process of completing this laboratory experiment. The magnesium metal utilized was coated in a dull, white coating, due to the exposure of magnesium to the oxygen in the environment, producing magnesium oxide (MgO). Sandpaper was utilized to try and remove most of the magnesium oxide coating, this also contributed to the sources of error because the sandpaper was not new and had contamination from the substances it had been used on before. Test tubes were used in the experiment, but through careful observation, some of the test tubes had not been properly cleaned, and contained minimal residue inside from previous experiments, perhaps contaminating the hydrochloric acid solution. As the magnesium metal was cut into slivers, particles of the magnesium might have been stuck to the blades of the scissors or the napkin the slivers were put on, lowering the mass and creating another error for the experiment. There was confusion during the solution preparation stage about the labelling on the jars of hydrochloric acid solution, and a new solution had to be prepared by the supervising teacher. An Apple iPhone was used to collect the reaction time, and the measurement recording was restricted due to the number of decimal places the iPhone could time to, and uncertainties had to be provided alongside the measurement data collected. There was also a source of error for the time the magnesium metal was dropped into the acid solution, as starting the time as soon as the magnesium entered the acid was  very difficult. References: Hebden Chemistry 12: Workbook for Students, Unit 1: Reaction Kinetics, pg. 1-36 Heath Chemistry Laboratory Experiments, Experiment 18 A: Factors Affecting Reaction Rate, pages. 192-196 Factors Affecting Reaction Rates http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Kinetics/Factors_That_Affect_Reaction_Rates This website was used on October 3, 2014 to help develop a better understanding of collision theory in order to explain the various factors affecting the rate of reaction.

My Advices to Upcoming High School Students Essay

If I was able to go back to my high school year, some advice that I would give to upcoming students is: join many academic activities, join lots of club to stay connect to the school, do your homework assignments and turn in the assignments on time. I am sure that if you follow at least two or three of these suggestions, you will love going to school and also have a motive to go to school every day and do your homework. When you do your assignments on time, you will receive good grades and good honors, too. Firstly, when you are able to join at least one or two academic activities after school, you have so much fun and you get to meet more and more people. The activities also help you lose weight and the best benefit is competing with others. For instance, when my sister was in the swimming team her freshman, sophomore and junior year, she was barely home. She was always busy with her swimming team and having fun swimming against other schools. After every swimming competition, she will always come home with a smile on her face and we always thought her school had won, but really they didn’t win. She told me she didn’t care about winning; the most she cared about was being able to have fun, enjoy herself, and know what her capability is. For that, I would recommend students to take after school activities and be able to learn what their body is capable of doing instead of being shy like me and not do anything except coming home and just do my everyday routine. Secondly, joining after school clubs are awesome too. You are able to connect with students and also many teachers. This is a really great opportunity to do when student’s first entering a new school because you get to know other students faster and also different teacher’s in your school. They can also write you recommendations for college too. The better the teacher knows about you, the more they can write and elaborate to the colleges about you in the recommendations. Some students join clubs to help out after school activities like sports, parent conferences, school dances, and many more. This way you are able to be known in school for being a very great and helpful student and make many friends since everybody will know you by all the support you have given. Lastly, doing your homework is the number one priority in school and in college because without doing your homework, you are not able to do after school activities and play any sports. You have to be able to do the homework and turn the homework in on time to receive full credit for a good grade. Putting all your effort into the homework may seem like it is not worth it, but afterwards, you see how far you have gone and what things you have learned thanks to all the homework and all the teachers pushing deadlines and being so strict about homework. Always do your homework no matter how hard it is because the homework is doable; you just have to put all your time and effort into it to get it done the way the teacher wants it. Heeding these tips, you are able to gain many assets and help that you will be very proud of yourself and it will always help you down the future of life. You will always need recommendations for colleges and jobs and you will be able to get that easily because of all the after school activities. You will be able to go to attend more education and do all your assignments and turn them on time because you have already been down that route already. You will also learn how to stay fit because you were able to stay fit during high school with all the academic activities and learning how to motivate yourself without anyone motivating you.

How To Basic

Put the pan on stand 2. Put the oil on the pan after that put the pepper 3. Wait,what will happen next. Reaction: -The pepper was added on the oil then a fire suddenly appeared on the bowl the potassium permanganate is an oxidant that added on brick fluid is a kind of fuel. Fuel and oxidant need to release energy in form of heat. Fire is The result of their combustion Experiment: 2 Monster Head ExperimentDry ice Martial and Pestle Rubber Balloon Funnel Bottle with Water Teaspoon 1 . Put The Dry ice on Mortal and pestle then bowdlerized it. 2. Get the balloon and put the funnel on a balloon 3. Put the two teaspoon of dry ice on the balloon,After that get the bottle with water and put the Balloon on the bottles 4. Put the opening of the balloon into the bottle mouth until the dry ice is consumed. Reaction: -The dry ice was put inside the balloon using funnel and the balloon was placed on the bottle filled with water.They let the ice went down and dissolved. A smoke released and the ba lloon became inflated. The Dry ice is a Frozen Carbon dioxide that's hay it is solid became gas and it is called sublimation. This gas is a carbon dioxide that helps the balloon to be inflate. Experiment : 3 Salt Smoke Bomb Wick Aluminum tray Salt peter Lighter Tong Procedure: 1 . Put the aluminum tray on the stand 2. Put one teaspoon of sugar and one teaspoon of salt peter and then mixed it. 3. Put the wick in the middle of aluminum tray. 4. Light up the wick.The salt peter and sugar with the ratio one is to one as put on an aluminum tray. The wick was put in the middle of it. They put a fire using lighter the smoke release the salt peter and sugar is a reason why oxidation occurred. Salt peter or potassium nitrate is a kind of oxide or chemical that attacks electrons. Sugar is a kind of reducer or chemical that gives electrons when the sugar and salt pepper lightened,the oxygen increased that's Hay the kind of mixtures change. The other molecules released with oxygen and this is t he smoke.Date:November 3, 2013 Experiment: 1 Levitate or Floating CD Materials CD Magnet CD Rack -Theses in The rack are not together because of the magnet placed under the CD. Every magnet has a north and south pole,There are two possibilities its either opposite attracts or same repels. Len our experiment The CD with magnet repels but not attached to each other so there can't attach whenever we push each other, Fountain Of Beads Beads Glass -The Beads put in a glass,then you will remove it inside the glass without using your bare hands.The Science behind the experiment is the centers around the principle of inertia. Lintier is the tendency of all object and matter in the universe to remain still,or if moving continue moving in the same direction. Experiment: 3 In-Attention Experiment -In This Experiment They will test your attentiveness. They have an activity that you need to focus your mind,There is a group of dancer that will dance and one of the member is the one that will focu s on. Reaction Paper In Science Ill Melody Jacobson Ill-David Hilbert (19)

Determine whether or not the affects of this new store will be a net Essay

Determine whether or not the affects of this new store will be a net positive for the area, or a net negetive - Essay Example (City of Kyle, 2011) There has been some research and discussion at the city council meeting over the proposed construction of a new Wal Mart Super Center. There are no big box stores in Kyle, therefore the addition of a Wal Mart would employ 200 people; as well as make shopping for both food and necessities much more convenient for the residents. There are several problems with this, however; Wal Mart tends to have a negative affect on wages, the economy, and the environment. Its business practices are questionable, placing employees and the city at risk. Wal Mart is noted for predatory pricing, low wage jobs that offer very limited benefits, and for receiving public subsidies. It destroys the environment and creates more urban sprawl. (Moberg, 2004) (Norman, 1999) Wal-Mart courts those at poverty level declaring itself to be the â€Å"low price leader†. However, the low prices extend across the board to include low wages and low quality products. Wal-Mart is known for market ing practices aimed at minority ethnic groups and low income individuals. Not only are the wages rock bottom, but also the employment practices are questionable. ... Wal-Mart workers are subject to long hours, few breaks, and often precarious working conditions that eventually result in ER visits or hospitalizations. With no health care benefits, the cost of health care rises for any area where there is a Wal-Mart, with the townspeople paying the cost through taxation to cover indigent care. (Chaddha, 2007) Wal-Mart is also known for supporting racist views; Andrew Young, former mayor of Atlanta was chosen as the spokesperson for the Working Families for Wal-Mart and issued some racist comments regarding how smaller independent businesses were Jewish owned and raised the prices to cheat the people while Wal-Mart gave everyone low prices; Wal-Mart eventually dismissed him in order to avoid a major lawsuit. Wal-Mart’s foreign operations exploits workers by forcing them to work long hours with no breaks, failure to provide safety equipment for work, beating uncooperative employees, and forcing them to work in unsafe conditions. It violates ch ild labor laws by working underage teenagers long hours without breaks. It knowingly hires illegal aliens for construction of Wal-Mart facilities across the nation. One way Wal-Mart had forced full-time workers to become part-time thereby losing their limited benefits is to require employees to rotate shift work so that they don’t have a regular schedule in order to attend classes or make leisure plans; this adds tremendously to the work stress. Managers are forced to work overtime with no extra pay; their positions are salaried, whereas the other workers are forced to clock out and continue working until their workload has been accomplished. Wal-Mart employees in dangerous neighborhoods are often locked in at night. (Workplacefairness.org, 2011) Wal-Mart effects the economy by outsourcing

Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Psychology - Essay Example The second theory deals with the ideal that successful relationships must be grown and developed. Through various surveys, including those done in past experiments, Knee reveals that the most successful relationships come from those where the belief of destiny is present. Belief in destiny also includes believing that there is only one person for everyone and that love can be at first sight. When individuals act on this, they are doing so out of intuition, or destiny. Numerous surveys were implemented that measured destiny and growth beliefs. These surveys looked into aspects that varied from dating behavior to whether or not a person can change themselves or their relationship. Another important characteristic that was measured was how individuals coped to stressful events in the relationship. The surveys were used to measure beliefs in both destiny and growth. After the results had been gathered and analyzed, it was determined that more successful relationships come from beliefs of destiny because these individuals believe that they have no control in the course of the relationship. They do not try to make a relationship work, which can cause further stress.

Methods of evaluations for Premarital programs of Thalassemia and SCD Essay

Methods of evaluations for Premarital programs of Thalassemia and SCD - Essay Example Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease are the most prevalent hemoglobinopathies. Both these conditions are inherited as autosomal recessive disorders. They share common features like premature destruction of red blood cells and elevated erythropoietin levels in the marrow and other sites to compensate for the loss of red cells and accumulation of the products of hemoglobin catabolism due to increased rate of red cell destruction (Aster, 2007). Thalassemias are a group of heterogeneous inherited disorders caused by genetic defects as a consequence of which decreased synthesis of either the alpha or beta chain of HbA occurs (Aster, 2007, pg.632). When deficient synthesis of beta chain occurs, it is known as beta-thalassemia and when alpha synthesis is affected, it is known as alpha-thalassemia. Sickle cell anemia is a type of disease characterized by production of defective hemoglobins because of which sickling of red cells occurs in certain conditions like deoxygenation (Aster, 2007, pg.628). The WHO has estimated that about 7% of the world population are carriers of inherited hemoglobin disorders and that there are about 3 to 4 hundred thousand babies being born each year with severe forms of these diseases (Weatherall, 2001). About 3% of the world population is carriers of a beta thalassemia mutation (Ghotbi & Tsukatani, 2002). Though globally, carriers of thalassemia are more than the carriers of sickle cell anemia, the number of affected births of sickle cell anemia is more than thalassemia due to higher frequency of sickle cell genes in certain areas (WHO Secretariat Report, 2006). These conditions are prevalent all over the world with the highest incidences noticed in tropical regions (Refer to tables-1 and 2). The gene for sickle cell anemia is distributed widely in the regions of sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and the Indian sub-continent. In these regions, it has been estimated that the carrier frequencies range from 5% to